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Выпуск "Model F" - улучшенной версии "Model С" продолжался приблизительно до июня 1906. Хотя технически "Model F" относится к линии "1906" года, на самом деле эта модель была только переносом с 1905 и была заменена новой Моделью "N" с четырьмя цилиндрами. Новая "Model K" была первым (и последним до конца 1940-ых) "Фордом" с шестью цилиндрами. Достоинства шестицилиндрового мотора описываются в нижеприведённом тексте.
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THE FORDS FOR 1906, MODELS K AND N
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In nineteen hundred and three the Ford Motor Co. put its first car on the
market with a two-cylinder engine of the opposed type, now famous. It was a pronounced
success. It was a finished product as compared with the state of the industry, and the
success of the company from the date of its first car was phenomenal.
Today hundreds of these same little cars are giving splendid satisfaction all
over the world.
There was a strong and vital reason for all this success. The designer of the
car, Henry Ford, had devoted his efforts, as only an inventor can, since 1892 and 1893,
to the perfection of the automobile, or horseless carriage, and he had built many cars
up to the time the first Ford car was put on the market.
So the reason the first Ford car was a success was because it was not an
experiment. It was built along advanced ideas of the multiple cylinder engine. It was
several years ahead of the times.
The continued success of the Ford Motor Co. has been something that has
attracted the attention of the automobile world, and today its output is greater than
that of any automobile concern in the world, and is probably greater than the output of
any several automobile manufacturers. |
The line of cars offered this year by the Ford Motor Co. embody the usual Ford
ideas. It is Mr. Ford's desire to build a car that will not be out of date next year, nor
the next year, nor the year after that. The idea of an automobile user thinking he has to
change cars every year is as absurd as it would have been for the owner of a carriage to
feel that a rig of that character was only good for one season.
Four points must be conquered and satisfactorily settled—power, comfort,
maintenance, cost.
We invite your most careful inspection of the cars herein described, as well
as a practical demonstration from our various agencies and branch houses.
MODEL K
The constant study of the automobile situation since its inception, the
experience secured from manufacturing and marketing thousands of successful motor cars,
has enabled Mr. Ford to present a line of cars this year that will be accepted as a
standard type of design for years to come. A car of this character could not be designed
or built by anyone who had not had years of practical, successful experience.
While the car abounds with radical features, not one is an experiment. Every
one has been tried out at the expense of the Ford Motor Company. Every feature is along
advanced ideas and is in the direction toward which all other manufacturers are tending.
This car does not merely embody the carrying into execution of an idea of
some one important phase of automobile construction, but is the careful evolution and
development of every detail of the car, and it is these minute details that make the Ford
Model "K."
It is difficult to call your attention to the most important feature of this
car, for of what value is simplicity of transmission if the ignition system is faulty? Of
what benefit is the six-cylinder engine of wonderful power, when a weak rear axle drops
your car in the road forty miles from home? What satisfaction can the automobilist get out
of the fact that his oiling device is perfect after his steering equipment has gone back
on him at .a critical moment? So, a car is only as strong as its weakest part, and,
therefore, it must be a well-balanced car. |
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The six vertical cylinders are cast separately with integral head, valve
chamber and jacket. The interchangeable, mechanically operated valves are placed on one
side, thus necessitating but one camshaft, one set of gears, simplifying the casting,
and exposing less cylinder wall to the heat of the burning gas. The cylinders are made of
a special east iron, carefully bored and reamed.
The pistons, piston rings, wrist pins and crank-shafts are machined, then
ground to size, which insures an absolutely perfect fit.
The crank-shaft is a solid drop forging with a bearing between each cylinder.
The bearings in the crank case are very large and long and that fact, together with the
special fitting and adjustment received at factory before shipping, causes the wear to be
so slight that the motor will run for years without attention to its bearings.
It is not a difficult matter to make an engine so powerful that it will,
with muffler cut out and full lead on the engine, snort up most any hill that is not
perpendicular, even if you do not like the rattle and bang and repair bills resulting
from the weight and vibration of an engine so heavy. Nor would it tax a designer, or even
a bright machinist, to build a car that would not work up a big repair bill, but with so
little power that it fails entirely when mud and sand and hills are encountered.
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So we see that it is not only necessary to have power but it is necessary to
have the proper design and light construction and serviceability. The demand is for more
power. It is a rational, sensible and reasonable demand.
All prominent motor manufacturers acknowledge a limit in the size of a
four-cylinder motor, beyond which trouble arises from added weight, decrease of motor
speed, loss of motor flexibility, and increase of vibration due to the powerful impulses
and heavy reciprocating parts. In the six vertical cylinders a happy solution of the
question is found. The driving force is divided into six power strokes. The six cylinders
develop light impulses in rapid sequence—in fact, before one impulse ceases the next
begins. This applies the power so constantly and so uniformly to the driving shaft that
no pulsations and no vibration is felt. This continuous, unbroken application of force,
this constancy of torque, gives a smoothness of running, closely approaching the electric
dynamo or steam turbine. The over-lapping impulses raise the pressure to a very high
average, which greatly accentuates the gain in power.
Ignition
The ignition is by high-tension magneto with an entirely independent and
separate system in reserve fed by battery. This double system will be appreciated by
experienced automobilists. The magneto works on an entirely new system and is far superior
to any magneto yet constructed. One of the special features lies in the fact that the
permanent magnets build up in use instead of weakening, as is the case with all other
devices of this character. It produces a spark 3/8 inches long at fifty revolutions per
minute, and three inches long at six hundred revolutions. Oil on the sparking plugs does
not seem to affect the ignition owing to the high voltage of the secondary current.
When cars are wired for both magnetos and storage batteries, the operator changes from
magnetos to storage or from storage to magnetos by throwing a switch. |
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Transmission
The Ford cars are designed with the idea of traveling over all ordinary roads,
up and down the steepest grades, through long stretches of deep sand, etc., without
touching the change speed lever. A light car and ample power permits traveling on direct
drive practically all the time, so seldom is a lower gearing necessary. It is, therefore,
obvious the simpler the device the more satisfactory it will be. The Ford system of
planetary transmission is beyond question the most practical, most substantial and
simplest arrangement of gears ever incorporated into the mechanism of an automobile.
It absolutely does away with any possibility of confusion in operating the car. There
are not two or more levers to operate, each depending upon the proper manipulation of the
other. With the Ford system of control every motion is one which the operator would
instinctively make. It requires little thought. If the wrong lever is applied the only
possible result would be the stopping of the car. The Ford system of control is designed
with especial effort to carry to the extreme that mostly desired, but often neglected,
feature of a motor-car-Safety.
Compare the necessary operations of the sliding gear system with the simple,
yet powerful, planetary system as perfected in the Ford car. On direct drive no gears
are used, no gears revolving idly in a bath of oil; no resistance or frictional loss in
the Ford transmission.
The Ford transmission, giving two forward speeds and one reverse, consists
of a train of hardened steel gears, of extra wide face, always in mesh, and contained
in a strong iron case and well protected. On the direct drive the gears are locked and
the case revolves and acts as added flywheel weight. No more simple, efficient or positive
arrangement could be devised. On the low gear a friction band holds the case stationary,
thus putting into action a speed-reducing train of gears which are equally as efficient and
powerful as the best system of sliding gears. The reverse is obtained by a friction band
holding a disk connected to the reverse gear within the case. The adjustment of all speeds
is very simple, consisting of adjusting nuts on each device, which are very accessible.
The train of gears within the case are constantly submerged in a bath of oil, which is
introduced through a small plughole in the outer circumference of the case. |
The direct drive is engaged through a multiple disk clutch, the most satisfactory
mechanism yet devised. This clutch takes hold softly and does not jerk the car when applied.
So gently does this clutch engage, Ford cars can be started from a standstill on the
direct drive, without calling into action the gears of the low speed.
To those unfamiliar with the construction of a multiple disk clutch we will
explain it briefly. Consider several large bronze disks between each of which is placed
a smaller steel disk. If the small disks are connected to a shaft and the larger disks
to the transmission case, then when the disks are pressed tightly together it is clear
that the large area of frictional surface would make an ideal coupling, easy to operate,
quick to release and require little, if any, adjustment after long, continued service.
Controlling Levers
A small horizontal throttle lever just beneath the steering wheel regulates
the quantity of explosive mixture leaving the carburetor this variable quantity controlling
the speed and power developed by the motor. This lever is on the left side of the steering
column. On the right side is another small lever which regulates the time the charge on the
cylinder is ignited. These levers are practically all that are used in the 1906 Ford cars,
and control the car from the beginning of a trip to the end, regardless of hills, sand,
mud or congested traffic.
A vertical lever at the right of the seat controls, with the least possible
inconvenience to the operator, the direct and low gear, the former being engaged at the
extreme forward position of the lever, the latter at the extreme rear position, the mid
position being neutral, the motor being disconnected. The reverse pedal is on the footboard.
A second pedal on the footboard operates the powerful emergency brake on the driving shaft.
A second vertical lever to the right of the seat operates the internally-expanding hub
brakes on the rear wheels. There are, therefore, counting the reverse, three brakes
available. |
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Axles
The rear axle of the six-cylinder Ford touring car is, we firmly believe,
the strongest, best supported axle ever constructed for automobile use. The outer sleeve
is 3 inches in diameter. The spring perches are substantially pinned and then brazed.
Hyatt Roller Bearings are used throughout this axle, and are extra long and large. This
axle will last for years without trouble.
The front axle is a one-piece steel drop forging of I-beam section, being
extra heavy near the spring supports, the point of greatest strain.
Body
Special attention has been given to the body of Model "K" to make it of most
pleasing design. It is of the Victoria type with swelled panels and graceful in every line,
yet eminently distinct in design. The seats are large, roomy and handsomely upholstered
with buffed leather, rolling well back over the top edges and tufted over coil springs and
curled hair.
Springs
The springs of Model "K" have been given careful study. The rear springs are
of the full-elliptic pattern while those in front are half-ecliptics, the front end of
front spring being hinged directly to the extension arm of the frame and the rear end
connected through swinging shackles to supports fastened to the steel side frame. These
springs are extra long, and are made of a specially fine quality of steel which gives
great strength and elasticity.
Wheels
The wheels are of the wood artillery pattern, built of thoroughly seasoned
second-growth hickory with spokes slightly dished, giving extra strength and flexibility
and especially well designed to withstand extreme side-strains when turning corners at
fast speed. All four wheels are 34 inches diameter, and are equipped with four-inch
clincher tires. |
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Steering Gear
Upon no part of the car does more responsibility rest than the steering
mechanism. The new steering device on the Ford cars has received more favorable comment
from mechanical engineers and automobile experts than any other device brought out this
season. It is without back-lash or lost motion; cannot bind or stick. The reduction gears
are of planetary principle and are housed in small brass drum just beneath the steering
wheel. This construction allows of a solid construction at the lower end of the shaft,
and makes it possible to steer the car with a minimum of effort.
Carburetor
The carburetor is of the latest approved, automatically compensating type
and supplies a perfect mixture to the motor regardless of engine speed or position of
the throttle.
Frame
The frame is of pressed steel, channel section, carefully designed to give
ample strength to sustain the load without "sagging"; of sufficient rigidity or stiffness
to withstand the strains over rough or uneven road surfaces. |
Specifications, Model K
Motor—6-cylinder, vertical, 4-1/2" bore x 4-1/4" stroke: 40 H. P.
Speed— 50 miles per hour, down to four miles per hour, on the high gear.
Improved planetary transmission, with improved clutch.
Pressed Steel Frame.
114" Wheel Base.
Water Cooled—circulation by geared pump.
Perfected Magneto ignition.
Mechanical Oiler.
Gasoline Tank under seat, containing 15 gallons,—good for 250 miles.
Water Contained in Radiator.
Hub Brakes—internal expansion, with lever control.
Emergency Brake on driving shaft, controlled by foot lever.
Tops Extra—Prices on application.
Springs—full elliptic on the rear, and half elliptic on the front.
"Famous Ford" Direct Drive Construction.
Ample roller bearings on rear axle, with ball bearing thrust—special design.
Ample Ball Bearings on front wheels.
Wheel Steering (Fitted with Ford reduction gears) takes all the strain from steering over
the roughest road; an exclusive Ford feature.
Luxurious Body, ample for five passengers.
Weight—2,400 pounds.
56-inch tread.
Wheels—artillery, 34-inch.
Tires—4-inch, double tube clincher.
Lubricating oil sufficient for 250 miles.
Color—Royal Blue.
Equipment—Two side oil lamps and tubular horn.
Gas Lamps Extra, Prices on application.
Price—$2,500, f. o. b., Detroit. |
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Model N
In producing Model "N," a four-cylinder runabout to sell for $500.00, Henry Ford
has taken a mighty bound in advance of competitive manufacturers. Building such a car with
material and workmanship the very best, is the beginning of a revolution in the automobile
business. It means you will not be obliged to pay tribute to a manufacturer for a product
that is now a necessity. Full value for the money is given. The general public has been
clamoring for a substantial car at a price commensurate with other manufactured commodities.
That such a car would eventually be offered has been the conviction of many who have closely
followed the progress of motor-vehicle manufacture, and for that car they have been waiting.
However, to build such a car means more than is realized by the average citizen. The
magnitude of such an undertaking can be better grasped when it is known that special
machinery, costing hundreds of thousands of dollars, must be installed to build that one
type of car. It means that thousands of such cars must be constructed to reduce original
cost of material and establish regular shop routine. It is therefore obvious to all that
such a car dare not have one single weak spot. Every feature, every principle, must be
thoroughly proven and its merit accurately determined. It must be of standard construction,
free from freakish ideas and theoretical innovations, for it must be built without change
or alteration for several years. That is why the Ford Company so thoroughly tested every
detail of Model "N" before beginning its manufacture. No cheap material or experimental
devices enter its make-up. Model "N" is a known quantity from carburetor to muffler, from
tire to top. |
Motor
The Motor is of the four-cylinder type, cast in pairs with valve chambers
and water jacket integral. The valves are all on the left side, lifted by vertical push
rods working through phosphor-bronze guides in the crank case. The cam-shaft and the cams
which work the push rods are cut from one solid piece of steel. This eliminates all
possibility of the cams working loose, (a common occurrence heretofore,) and throwing the
Motor out of "time" as well as causing a disagreeable knock or pound.br>
The sleeve surrounding the shaft terminates in a large globe joint in the heavy
frame cross-bar. Within the globe is the flexible universal joint connecting the power
plant with the driving shaft. The lower end of the shaft carries a small bevel pinion
meshing a large bevel gear on the differential with a relative ratio of 3-1/2 to 1.
The cam-shaft is enclosed within the crank-case and is constantly splashed
with oil The crank-case is an aluminum casting, cylindrical in form, with end plate carrying
the extra long bearings for the shaft, and the rear plate extending hack and enveloping
the transmission gear excepting on top where is located the various operative levers.
The Motor and transmission gear being combined makes a very compact power plant,
and is supported in the chassis frame at three points. The three point suspension
principle is carried out extensively throughout the entire car.
The Axle
The Axle is a solid drop forging of I-beam section and is supported by radius
rods terminating in a common joint in the center of the cross-bar supporting the
transmission gear case thus giving a three-point support. |
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The Rear Axle
The Rear Axle is equipped with Hyatt Roller Bearings throughout. The general
construction of the axle is identical with that of the large Ford touring car. This axle is
especially well constructed and the most mechanical rear axle mechanism ever placed in any car
in this or any foreign country. The two side radius, or strut rods, fastened to the axle near
the rear wheels, are joined to the upper end of the sleeve enclosing the driving shaft—giving
another triangular support.
The Body
The Body is suspended at three points—on the full elliptic springs in the rear
and swiveled on the center of the transverse, half-elliptic spring in front, the front spring
is shackled at each end near the steering knuckle yoke.
Ignition
Ignition is of the jump-spark system, fed by dry cell batteries through a Splitdorf
four-unit coil. |
Carburetor
The carburetor is of the latest approved automatically compensating type. A
constantly correct mixture of gasoline and air is supplied, regardless of engine speed
or throttle position.
Specifications, Model N
Motor—4-cylinder, vertical; cylinders 3-3/4" bore x 3-3/8" stroke, 17.92 H. P.
Speed—40 miles an hour down to 3 miles on high gear.
Improved planetary transmission, with improved clutch.
84-inch wheel base.
Pressed steel frame.
Water cooled.
Ignition—two sets of dry cells.
Gasoline Tank—under seat, containing 10 gallons, sufficient for 200 miles.
Water contained in radiator.
Hub brakes—internal expansion, with lever control.
Emergency brake on driving shaft, controlled by foot pedal.
Tops Extra—Prices on application.
Springs—full elliptic in rear, and half elliptic in front.
"Famous Ford" Direct Drive Construction.
Roller bearings on rear axle, with ball-bearing thrust—special design.
Ball Bearings on Front Wheels.
Wheel Steering (Fitted with Ford reduction gears) takes all the strain from steering
over the roughest road; an exclusive Ford feature.
Luxurious Body, carrying two passengers.
Weight—800 pounds.
56-inch tread.
Wheels—artillery, 28-inch.
Tires—2-1/2 inch, double tube clincher.
Lubricating oil sufficient for 200 miles.
Color—Maroon.
Equipment—two side oil lamps and horn.
Price—$500.00, f.o.b., Detroit.
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